Atoms and molecules | structure of atom | electron | proton

Atoms and molecules:-

Hello friends if you want to know about about Atoms and molecule so you are on right track in this post you will know about atom, atomic structure, electron, proton neutron, charg of elements and molecules so let's know what's is atom ?

An atom is the smallest unit of an element and matter having all the characteristics of the element.

Hope you understand the definition of atom

And molecules is the smallest unit of a compound having all the characteristics of the compound. A molecule consist of atoms.

The meaning of Atom:-

The word atom is derived from a Greek word 'atoms', which means uncuttable.

All atoms have a nucleus around which negatively charged electrons orbit it contains charge amount (1.6×10^-19 C).

The nucleus of an atom contains proton and neutrons.

Protons are positively chaged while neutrons are uncharged or electrically neutral particles.

Structure of atom:-

You think that how's looks atom and structure of atom let's know about structure of atom.

Atoms are the smallest units of an element. However, an atom contains extremely tiny particles.

These particles is called electron, proton, neutron.

The center of an atom is called the nucleus. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus.

Protons have positive electric charge, while neutron do not carry any kind of electric charge.

Electrons are smaller than protons and neutrons.

They are negatively charged particles. They orbit around the nucleus.

Particles that are smaller than protons, neutrons and electrons are called 'quarks'

There are exactly three quarks in every proton and neutron.

Origin of Atomic Theory:-

The existence of atoms in matter was first proposed by the two Greek philosophers, Leucippus and Democritus, in the 5th century BC.

They started that matter is composed of atoms and the atoms are solid, Homogeneous, indivisible, and unchangeable.

They also started that atoms differ in size and shape and the properties of the atoms reflect the properties of matter.

Their theory was overlooked for many centuries because one of the greatest Greek philosophers, Aristotle, did not agree with them.

I am sure you definitely heared about Dalton's Atomic theory:-

The modern atomic theory is generally said to have begun with john Dalton.

In 1803, john Dalton discovered that elements are made of atoms and molecule are made of two or more atoms.

He also stated that the atoms of an element are identical in their masses and the atoms of different elements have different masses.

He published his atomic theory in a book titled A new system of chemical philosophy.

Now we try to know about molecule.

Molecule:-

Molecules are one of the basic units of matter.

They are made up of atoms that are held together in certain arrangements called bonds.

A molecule is the smallest piece of matter that any substance can be devided into and yet retain all the characteristics of the original Substance.

Different types of molecules :-

A molecule that consist of two atoms, such as nitric oxide (NO), is called a diatomic molecule.

A molecule made up of three atoms, such as water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), is called a triatomic molecule.

A large molecul, such as DNA can contain millions of atoms.

Ions :-

A normal atom is called a neutral atom. A charged atom is called an ion.

Ions have either extra electrons are negatively charged.

They are called anions. Ions with missing electrons are positively charged.

They are called cations.

Isotopes :-

Isotopes are the different forms of the same element.

The atoms of isotopes have the same number of protons, but they differ in the number of neutrons.

For example, the isotopes of oxygen are oxygen-16, oxygen-17, and oxygen-18, where the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Different kinds of Atoms :-

There are morw than 109 different types of atoms, one for each element.

Everything around is is made up of different combinations of these atoms.

All these different kinds of atoms differ from each other in the numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

They also differ in size, mass and other properties.

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Radioactivity:-

Radioactivity is the constant emission of radiation from an atom.

It is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves.

Radioactive atoms are unstable.

Hope you all above post and you know about atoms and molecules atom structure atom electron proton and neutron all these topic about science.

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